Cambridge international as and a level chemistry coursebook. Polymer is defined as a chemical substance of a high molecular mass formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules, called monomers. Written by renowned experts in chemistry, the text is written in an accessible style with international learners in. At present, about 100 different plasticizers are produced worldwide, although only. A level chemistry st leonards catholic school, durham. Polymers a2levellevelrevision, chemistry, aromatics. Nylon 6,6 gets its name from the number of carbon atoms in each monomer diamine first. In this classic demonstration, from the royal society of chemistry, a solution of decanedioyl dichloride is floated on a solution of diaminohexane. The total number of chemicals described with potential usage as a plasticizer may approach 30,000. In polyamides, such as nylon, the amide links, co nh, can be broken down by hydrolysis in acidic conditions found in landfill waste dumps with rotting vegetation. Throughout the two years studying chemistry you will develop your practical skills alongside learning about a variety of topics including foundations in chemistry, periodic table and energy, organic chemistry and analysis, physical chemistry and transition metals.
As and a level chemistry will be linear qualifications. Containing uptodate material that matches the syllabus for examination from 2016 and packed full of guidance, such. Home specifications contact videos books extra resources welcome to 4. Organic chemistry the best o level revision resource. Because the acid is acidic and the amine is basic, they first react together to form a salt. Carbon atoms are in group 4 which means they form up to four bonds with other elements. Making nylon the nylon rope trick the royal society of chemistry. Free pure physics, chemistry, geography and social studies revision notes. Safety assessment of nylon as used in cosmetics international. Find out about how polyesters and polyamides are made as well as a. A plasticizer is an additive that is added to another material usually a plastic or an elastomer to make that material softer or more pliable. The resource provides a list of apparatus and chemicals needed for the experiment, together with teaching tips. The following components should be contained for each experiment, along with any additional material required by your instructor.
Learn the principle behind condensation polymerisation. A level chemistry involves the study of substances and how they react. The diacyl chloride for preparing nylon 6,6 would be clocch 2 4 cocl. After several cycles of manual model rebuilding by xfit. You may use an hb pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Free download cambridge international as and a level. Various types of nylons absorb water at different rates and to different levels. Note that for commercial synthesis the carboxylic acid components may actually be employed in the form of derivatives such as simple esters. Also, the polymerization reactions for nylon 6 and spandex do not proceed by elimination of water or other small molecules. The definition and structure of these ingredients are presented in table 1, and available. Godwin, in applied plastics engineering handbook, 2011. The chemical bonds in polymers are also different than those found in metals and ceramics. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book pdf. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Nylon chemistry, properties and uses article pdf available in international journal of scientific research 59.
Many believe the origins of chemistry to be traced back several thousands of years, to the practice of alchemy. No brain too small chemistry as 90698 describe aspects of organic chemistry collated polymer questions polyesters, polyamides and peptides 2011. Cambridge international examinations cambridge ordinary level. Pdf synthesis and characterization of polyamides containing. There are various types of nylon polymer, categorized depending on the nature of the chains. You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry. An alevel chemistry knowledge organiser on polymer chemistry. Ab and aabb polyamides were obtained at the nitrogen natural abundance level. A level chemistry course description awarding body. A large molecule macromolecule built up by repetitive bonding covalent of smaller molecules monomers generally not a well defined structure, or molecular weight. When you combine 2 colorless solutions, youll create a strand of polymer nylon that seems. Performance in iit jee physical chemistry is naturally uplifted by the grasp on aptitude and iit jee physics. To gain fundamental understanding of the processes and phenomena that makes up all materials and is the foundations of life itself. What are the two monomers used to form a polyamide generic names and structures diamine and dicarboxylic acid.
Collated polymer questions polyesters, polyamides and peptides. In this video, learn how to create neverending nylon. Sep 6, 2014 free download cie as and a level chemistry revision guide in pdf edited by david bevan and published by hodder education. Practical chemistry activities are accompanied by our standard health and safety guidance. Alevel chemistry does pretty much what it says on the tin. Physical chemistry is the study of atomic, subatomic, macroscopic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the practices, concepts, and principles of physics. Dna fingerprinting, in genetics, method of isolating and identifying variable elements within the basepair sequence of dna. Nylon 6,6 is composed of two monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms. Aqa examinations paper 1 physical and inorganic, related practical skills 2 hours, 35% of the alevel, short and long answers paper 2 physical and organic, related practical skills 2 hours, 35% of the alevel, short and long answers paper 3 any content any practical skill 2 hours, 30% of the alevel, questions on practical techniques, data. Alevel chemistry revision science section on polymers. A level chemistry a h43202 synthesis and analytical techniques monday 19 june 2017 morning time allowed. Read these instructions first write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Nylon forms at the interface and can be pulled out as. Chemistry is often referred to as the central science because it seems to unify the other branches of natural science together, including biology, geology, and physics.
Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations. However, the content of the as is included in the a level content. Title and date introduction purpose, reaction physical data including calculations procedure outline. As991 demonstrate understanding of the properties of organic compounds. Polymers knowledge organiser alevel teaching resources. Polymers and polyamides alevel chemistry revision notes. The best chemistry as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. If you line these up and remove water between the cooh and nh 2 groups in the same way as we did with nylon 6,6, you get the structure of kevlar. Download pdf version of all available notes here gce o level singaporecambridge notes search this site. Threedimensional structure of nylon hydrolase and mechanism of. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book free download pdf. Alevel applied sciencecolour chemistryfibrespolyamides. Heat a known mass of two metals to produce their oxides and. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers.
Polyamides are condensation polymers, normally formed when a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diamine, to form a polymer and water. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A level chemistry b salters h43302 scientific literacy in chemistry practice paper set 1 time allowed. A solution of decanedioyl dichloride in cyclohexane is floated on an aqueous solution of 1,6 diaminohexane. Covers information about addition and condensation polymerisation including the formation of polythene, pvc, terylene, kevlar and nylon 6,6. That is then converted into nylon 6,6 by heating it under pressure at 350c. Covers the entire syllabus for cambridge international examinations international as and a level chemistry 9701. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. Nylon 6,6 is made by polymerising hexanedioic acid and 1,6diaminohexane exactly as shown further up the page. In all cases chemical shifts were referenced to the.
Alevel chemistry home specifications contact videos books extra resources. Advances in both physics and biology are often intertwined with, and reliant upon, chemical ideas and knowledge. The following examples of condensation polymers are illustrative. A level chemistry specification pearson edexcel level 3 advanced gce in chemistry 9ch0 first teaching from september 2015 first certification from 2017 issue 2.
A level chemistry revision a level revision physics revision. One approach is to break the polymer down into its monomers which can be reused. Condensation polymers pearson schools and fe colleges. Download pdf version of all available notes here gce. As will be a standalone qualification, meaning it will not form part of students a level grades. You can see the hydrolysis reaction on page 406, in which carboxylic acids and amines. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 15 polymers the word polymer has a greek origin. Department for education dfe in their gce as and a level regulatory requirements for biology, chemistry, physics and psychology document, published in april 2014. The technique was developed in 1984 by british geneticist alec jeffreys. Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number.
Gce as and a level regulatory requirements for biology, chemistry, physics and psychology. A level chemistry b salters h43303 practical skills in chemistry. Endorsed by cambridge international examinations, the second edition of the asa level chemistry coursebook comprehensively covers all the knowledge and skills students need for asa level chemistry 9701 first examination 2016. Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another are called oxidationreduction reactions or redox reactions. Since september 2008, alevel chemistry students in england and wales have been following new specifications which are different to those studied previously. Discover how to make one of the strongest polymers and more with this video. The royal society of chemistry thanks the following individuals and organisations for their help in producing the original video. Resources and inspiration for practical work and demonstrations.
It is divided into separate sections for as and a level making it ideal for students studying both the as and the a level and also those taking the as. Includes 2 practicals making nylon and making slime. Organic chemistry revision notes organic chemistry is the chemistry of a huge number of compounds containing carbon. Learn more about the history and process of dna fingerprinting in this article.
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